Grape Skin & Seed (GSA-400)
Each bottle contains 100 Vegetarian Capsules

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Item Number: SP 14

Price: $26.00

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SAFE & EFFECTIVE

High concentrations of reservatol (found to have anti-clotting effects and an ability to reduce fat deposits in animal lives) has been identified in grape skins and seeds.

Powerful antioxidant factors called proanthocyanidins (OPC's) and polyphenols are found in large supply in the skins and seeds of grapes. These antioxidant factors are believed to prevent oxidation of LDL cholesterol (a major factor in heart disease). It is because of this strong antioxidant effect---some reports say 20 to 50 times stronger than vitamins C and E---that this result is accomplished.

Grape skins exceed polyphenol levels in grape seed and pine bark products. They contain many polyphenols, particularily tannic, which has been found to be a potent anti-viral. Also, phenolic compounds found in grape skins are potent anti-oxidants considered to be cancer fighting and protective agents. Grape skins also contain other flavonoids, such as quercitin, not found in other products.

Proanthocyanidins have also been shown in studies and clinical practice to be of value in: sports injuries and resulting inflammation, capillary fragility, visual disturbances, brain sluggishness (one of the few nutrients that cross the blood/brain barrier), and helping to improve skin elasticity with its superior antioxidant factions.

GSA-400 is free of wheat, eggs, corn, soy, yeast, and citrus.

Each Capsule contains:
Grape Skin and Seed Extract--400mg
Containing: Polyphenols--100mg
Proanthocyandidins--40mg.

Suggested Use: 2-3 capsules daily, or as directed by a health care professional.

Further information on OPC's

Ologomeric Proanthocyadins (OPC's) derived from Grape Skin and Seeds are a flacenol product developed by Prof. J. Masquelier, the same researcher who developed OPC's from pine bark sources known as Pycnogenol. The unique bioavailibility and potent free radical scavanging properties make OPC's powerful antioxidants.

OPC's are flavanoids which impart the characteristic deep pigment to many of the plants following hydrolysis (Bate-Smith reaction).

OPC's are specific mixtures of catechin and epi-catechin oligomers differing in structure and chain lengths which range from monomers, dimers, trimers, and polymers. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis reveals that there is 95% of OPC's from grape seeds/skins compared to 85% from pine bark.

In addition, other beneficial ingredients, primarily organic acids with potent antioxidant effects e.g. taxifolin, gallic acid esters, caffeic acid, frulic acid etc. are present in higher proportion in grape seeds/skins compared with pine bark. This makes grape seeds/skins a more viable source of OPC's.

Proanthocynadins (OPC's) are members of the bioflavanoid group of which there are 40,000 registered in Chemical Abstracts. OPC's are water soluable, non-toxic, non-mutagenic, non-antigenic, non-carcinogenic, and highly bioavaible (Yu et al, 1987). OPC's are found in saliva within one hour after ingestion (Laparra et al, 1978). In Europe OPC's have been used for over 30 years without any reports of toxicity. The LD 50 (measure of toxicity) is 3 grams per kilogram of body weight (US Patent, 1987).

Uses of OPC's:

1. Antioxidant-

OPC's are powerful antioxidants. The oft quoted in-vitro comparisons reveal that OPC's are 50 times more potent than vitamin E. This test measures the ability of compounds to scavange free redicals such as DPPH (Uchida et-al, 1987). Comparison with vitamin C showed OPC's to be a 20 times more powerful free radical quencher (US Patent, 1987).
In addition, OPC's are generally acknowledged to be potent vitamin C synergists and vica-versa. OPC's are powerful scavengers of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals and reduce UV-B radition-induced cytotoxicity of fibroblasts and inhibit lipid peroxidation.

Finally, OPC's antioxidant effects can prevent or slow the accumulation of cholesterol that is due to the modification or oxidation of LDL.

2. Blood Vessels

It is well acknowledged that bioflanoids are important for the healthy functioning of blood vessels, especially in the presence of minute quantities of vitamin C. Recently, OPC's have been shown to have an even more potent effect on capillary health. It has long been known that capillary resistance is pathologically decreased in significant proportion of hypertensive patients with consequent higher incidence of strokes and retinal hemorrhage (Griffith and Lindower, 1944). Low capillary resistance is the hallmark of hypertension with consequent increased capillary fragility and permeability resulting in "leaky" vessels. The consequences of this in increased bruising, petechia, strokes, apoplexy, retinal hemorrhage, hemorrhoids, varicose veins and complications of diabetes. OPC's are know to raise the capillary resistance and reuce capillary permeability (Gabor, 1994).
A single milligram supplement of OPC's increased capillary resistance by 140% and vascular sensitivity was improved 82% (Fein-Haake, 1975).

3. Atherosclerosis

The mechanism of atherosclerosis is thought to result from injury to the layer of endotheial cells present in the luminal surface of the blood vessel wall. Such injury distrubs local vascular homestatis resulting in platelet deposition, aggregation, and release factors which promote smooth muscle proliferation and eventual fibrosis. The damaged endothelium becomes permeable to lipoproteins (LDL) macrophages as well as accumulated cholesterol and develops into foam cells. The atherosclerotic plaque consists of lipds, cabohydrates, fibrous tissue and calcium deposits. Studies have shown that OPC's are protective against early atherosclerosis (DeForrest et-al, 1978; Markle et -al, 1975).

4. Inflammation

The inflammatory process is a series of events during which free radicals are produced including singlet oxygen, superoxides, andhydroxyl radicals. OPC's significantly decreased inflammation and odema induced by serotonin, prostaglandins or carrageenin. The decrease is dose dependent (Gabor and Razga, 191). The mechanism of action is thought to be inhibitive of lipooxygenase and cycloxygenase.

5. Skin

Collagen is the main skin protein responsible for skin texture. OPC's have high affinity to collagen and elastin and are thought to reduce free radical attack of elasteses and collagenases. Application of OPC's in cosmetics are widely reported (Tixier et al, 1984; Kuttan et-al, 1981).

6. Brain

OPC's water solubility and high bioavailability renders them to readily cross the blood brain barrier. In addition to inproving circulation, OPC'S strengthen blood vessels and decrease capillary permeability thereby reducing the incidence of stroke (Uchida et-al,1987).




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